Advantages And Disadvantages Of Web Databases Information Technology Essay

Focal points And Disadvantages Of Web Databases Information Technology Essay In this part, the aftereffects of beginning examinations and investigation completed so as to decide the prerequisites that which is required of the framework by its future clients, is sketched out. Right off the bat, we investigate the underlying foundation research and its discoveries corresponding to the subject. Furthermore, this section at that point proceeds to examine the procedure and improvement instruments picked to build up the application. At long last, the necessities detail of the framework is sketched out including the clients prerequisites both useful and non-useful that have been the guide in the advancement of the framework. 2.1 Background Research and Analysis As a component of the underlying phases of the task, examinations were done out of spotlight of the theme territory of online applications since the application that has been created is in itself an electronic database application just as into the potential desires and needs that clients would expect of such a framework. Other than examine in different bits of writing and the web, casual meetings were likewise done with clients of comparable known framework, so as to show signs of improvement comprehension of what clients of such a framework would generally expect as a major aspect of building up a prerequisites determination. 2.1.1 Background Research Findings Inside the most recent decade, the fast development of the web has opened the entryway for associations to exploit its advantages as a way to improve their working proficiency, lower cost and eventually give themselves an upper hand over their rivals. Online applications are progressively being utilized to deal with errands done by conventional applications, for example, information stockpiling and exchange applications. As to information stockpiling, ****} Being online, web applications have huge advantages over their customary partners however with being electronic additionally come numerous difficulties for engineers due primarily to their dynamic nature. This is because of quickly evolving advances, visit changes of client prerequisites, and dynamic parts of the product advances (Wu Offutt). Being developed of these applications, designers must guarantee that they are truly dependable, show high ease of use just as security (Wu Offutt). In contrast with their conventional programming partners, web applications must be created to be accessible consistently; they should be viable given the fast advancement of innovation and above all, as they depend on the web, they should be exceptionally versatile to encourage a worldwide market and prepared to develop regarding servers, administrations, and clients rapidly. (Wu Offutt) Online database applications, being web applications themselves, are no special case. The web as a stage for database frameworks as indicated by Connelly Begg (2005) can convey creative answers for both between and intra-organization business tasks yet in addition has its burdens. Points of interest and Disadvantages of Web Databases as per Connelly Begg(2005) Points of interest Drawbacks Effortlessness: They are anything but difficult to create, as HTML whereupon they are based is anything but difficult to learn and utilize. Cross Platform support: Being electronic, they are not kept to a specific OS stage as they are open by means of internet browsers. Normalization: With HTML being a standard on all programs, HTML records can be perused from any machine on the planet. Versatile Deployment Unwavering quality: The web is at present an untrustworthy and moderate correspondence medium. Now and again servers can be down and a message might be deferred to be sent. Additionally at top time when its is altogether moderate. Security: Security is of extraordinary concern particularly when the association makes its databases available on the web. Cost Restricted Functionality of HTML: Some profoundly intelligent database applications may not be changed over effectively to online applications, while as yet giving a similar ease of use. 2.1.2. Issue Analysis In light of perceptions from the day by day activities of the MIS office with respect to issue following, the fundamental tasks can be summed up as appeared in the rich picture below*******} 2.1.3. Meeting Analysis During the examination did, casual meetings were done with people who communicate with comparative frameworks to the one proposed. The inquiries utilized in these meetings can be found in Appendix A. The two people who were talked with use electronic assistance work area applications that are introduced on their particular companys arrange as an application available by means of internet browsers. See figure 1 beneath for a screen capture of one these applications. FIGURE 1 Unicenter ServicePlus An online assistance work area application utilized by one of the experts met. While these clients portrays these ********************} 2.2 Development Methodology Choice of the most fitting procedure for improvement is significant for the achievement of the venture. This is because of the way that utilizing an unseemly technique can prompt issues, for example, cost overwhelms because of poor task the executives, venture deficiency or the improvement of an inappropriate usefulness to wrong details. The approach chose for the improvement of the framework would be the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC). This philosophy was chosen since it is one of the most steady systems with least hazard. Likewise, the improvement way to deal with be utilized would be that of the Waterfall Life Cycle model which is perfect for unpracticed designers. (Weaver 2004) It was additionally chosen because of its straightforwardness. The framework was displayed with the utilization of ER Diagrams just as Use Case outlines. Use case graphs were utilized as they are a standout amongst other demonstrating instruments that give a thought on how the framework will work according to how the clients would cooperate with it. It additionally gives an away from of who the clients of the framework would be and the different perspectives. 2.3 Development Tools Pivotal to the advancement of the application, is the choice of the correct programming instruments. In that capacity, since the application is an online database arrangement, it was important to choose the product device that could be best utilized as the establishment for the electronic database. The database devices considered were MySQL, MS Access and Oracle Database 10g Express. The table beneath shows a correlation between these three:- At long last, the database apparatus chose was Oracle Database 10g Express Edition which was picked on account of its simplicity to utilize and learn. Another in addition to this application is its web preparation which makes it simple to have on the web, a pivotal necessity for the application once finished. The downside******} 2.4 Requirement Specification The framework was created to help 3 degrees of clients, to be specific: Supervisors General Users Specialists Each Practical Requirements As per Weaver(2004), Functional prerequisites are those that characterize in some detail what the framework needs to do. The utilitarian necessities from the clients perspective are as per the following: The General client or Employee ought to have the option to:- Register and Login utilizing Username and Password Authentication Include an issue View Solved Problems Change and Update individual data The Technical Support Manager ought to have the option to:- Login utilizing Username and Password Authentication View and answer to Problems Dole out Problems to Technicians Include, Update or Delete System Users View take care of issues and include comments Include or Update Supplier data View Technician subtleties Survey Resource History Reset User Passwords View employments Done The Technician ought to have the option to:- Register and Login utilizing Username and Password Authentication Search and View Problems Assigned View Jobs done View Work Queue Include, Append, Delete Job History Record Work done Update individual data Change secret phrase Other Functional Requirements incorporate:- Information This is the life saver of the framework and is in this manner one of the most significant parts of the framework. The information that the framework would utilize are:- Assets (designated Hardware and Software) and their interesting data, for example, its sequential number, date of procurement, provider, permit subtleties (for programming assets), current area (a room number) and the asset type (for example Hewlett Packard T540 Imaging Package, or Microsoft Windows XP Professional 2002 Service Pack 1). Issues detailed by Employees Data recorded once an occupation is finished by a professional. Handling This incorporates the handling of issues detailed by Employees, and the portion of occupations to Technicians dependent on the issues by the Technical Support Manager. UI As indicated by Weaver (2004), the UI of a framework ought to be: Basic Made for the User Predictable Non-Functional Requirements As indicated by Weaver(2004), non-useful prerequisites portray the presentation and requirements that the framework should meet. The non-useful prerequisites are: Convenience: The UI must be predictable and easy to use while guaranteeing most extreme effectiveness while clients explore through the application. Accessibility: the framework must be accessible consistently during working hours. Access: Users would be confined by their client type or level. Clients will require a Username and Password to get to the framework. Limit: the framework must be fit for holding huge volumes of information, explicitly grievances just as arrangements.

Comlaw Aropa Assignment Essay

Question 1 Offer is a statement of eagerness to go into a lawfully restricting agreement on the footing proposed once the offer is acknowledged. This letter is a proposal since the terms proposed are finished and it is correspondence to the offeree. The letter was unquestionably sent to Andrew unintentionally since the organization makes this offer just to their ordinary clients and to the individuals who have marked long haul flexibly contract. Andrew didn't fulfill both these conditions. As per the instance of McMahon v Gilberd and Co, the ‘reward’ for each returned soda bottle is made to their client as it were. In fact, the jug seller isn't their client and along these lines the case was invalid. All in all, despite the fact that Andrew answered to the proposal before the cutoff time, the organization has no legitimate commitment to flexibly Andrew. Question 2 In this circumstance, Sarah has met the term of the proposal as she has communicated readiness to go into a lawfully restricting agreement. The answer from Sarah shows that she consented to acknowledge the proposal for 300 tons. Her solicitation to gather the composts toward the beginning of October is just a solicitation for data since she is eager to pay for the postponement. It's anything but a counter proposal by Sarah as she is happy to gather the manures if the organization doesn't consent to her solicitation. In this manner, the offer is as yet substantial as she was just mentioning for more data. Additionally, on account of Stevenson v McLean, the offended parties broadcast was just a solicitation for data and is definitely not a counter offer. In this manner, the offeror has legitimate commitment to offer to the offended party since he has acknowledged the offer through post. The email sent by the organization to Sarah on 21 July to deny the offer is invalid since she has ju st acknowledged the offer. Disavowal of offer must be done before the correspondence of acknowledgment by the offeree. The strategy for answer utilized by Sarah through email is substantial as long as it isn't less favorable to the offeror in spite of the fact that the offer was sent by means of post. All in all, the organization has the legitimate commitment to flexibly composts to Sarah since her acknowledgment of offer is substantial.

Rioters Share their Best of the Backlist 2017

Rioters Share their Best of the Backlist 2017 Dont let your backlist from 2017 grow any bigger! Were giving away a stack of our 20 favorite books of the year. Click here to enter, or just click the image below. The year of 2017 has been great for books, and there has been no shortage of exciting titles being published weekly. But sometimes the frenzy to keep up with whats current can seem hamster wheel hopeless. Whenever I feel overwhelmed with reading whats new, I try to fit a backlist title in there. According to Publishing Trendsetter, the term backlist refers to older books published before, well, right now: its a publishing term to describe titles listed in the back of the catalogue, rather than pushed to the frontlist and featured more prominently. Time traveling backward in book publishing history can help you discover an author, series, or genre you overlooked and provide some welcome perspective on today. In this list, 21 Book Riot writers give a backlist bump to the best backlist book (pre-2017) they read this year. What backlist book did you read and love? Share your recommendation in a comment! Sarah S. Davis So Youve Been Publicly Shamed  (2015) by Jon Ronson Reading Jon Ronson’s So You’ve Been Publicly Shamed (2015) was a transformative experience for me. Up until then, I had read fiction almost exclusively. When another Rioter recommended this book, I was curious and decided to take a chance on nonfiction. I’m so glad I did. Ronson’s smart, witty, and self-deprecating narrative style makes him an entertaining host through the wilds of the Internet and public shaming across history. I appreciated how digestible the book reads while Ronson ultimately brings it all together in a sobering ending. After this book, I also read The Psychopath Test and listened to The Butterfly Effect, both by the author. So You’ve Been Publicly Shamed helped open the doors for me to feel confident reading nonfiction. It was a gateway book. Susie Dumond The Fire Next Time  (1963) by James Baldwin I spent a portion of 2017 brushing up on my Baldwin and I’m so glad I did. If you’re a fan of Ta-Nehisi Coates’s work, go back to his inspiration and read The Fire Next Time. The book consists of two letters written at the centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation. The first letter is addressed to Baldwin’s young nephew and the second to the American people, both exploring the history of race in the U.S. and calling for an end to racial injustice. Baldwin’s writing is powerful and personal, and this book is as important in 2017 as it was in 1963. Leah Rachel von Essen A Writers Diary: Being Extracts from the Diary of Virginia Woolf  (1953) edited by Leonard Woolf I’ve dug more into Virginia Woolf this year. I read The Waves and fell in love with the poetic brilliance of the textâ€"it’s now one of my all-time favorite books. I had heard a lot of great things about A Writer’s Diary, which is a collection of her diary entries specifically about her books and her writing, and so I picked it up from Persephone Books in London when I was there in September. It’s led me to a new appreciation of her literary genius, and given me perspective as I read through her struggles with mental health and with the ebbs of fame. It is so gorgeous, and I think might be one of those rare books that literally changes my life. Her passionate work ethic (she was writing The Waves and Orlando at the same time!) and compelling diary-writing have led me to make my journaling more reflective and work harder on my novel-writing, setting better deadlines and expectations for myself. Kathleen Keenan The Vegetarian  (English edition 2016; Korean 2007) by Han Kang This novel about Yeong-hye, who stops eating meat after a disturbing dream and encounters resistance and violence from her husband and family as she becomes increasingly unable to eat, is itself like a dark dream. The tension builds steadily as Kang switches perspectives from Yeong-hye to her brother-in-law to her older sister. This novel was praised to the skies when Deborah Smith’s translation of the original Korean was published in 2016. Kang’s ability to create an ever-increasing sense of unease and her seamless perspective switching are two reasons why. Rachel Brittain The Long Way to a Small, Angry Planet  (2014) by Becky Chambers I’m always a sucker for good sci-fi, and The Long Way to a Small, Angry Planet is some of the best sci-fi I’ve read in a while. It tells the story of Rosemary Harper, the newest addition to the Wayfarer, an interspecies ship specializing in creating hyperspace tunnels. Although there is some intrigue and conflict and drama, the book is far more focused on character and world-building than plotâ€"and believe me, in this case, that’s not at all a bad thing! Chambers develops some of the best and most thoughtful sci-fi world-building I’ve ever seenâ€"considering similarities and differences between humans and other “Sapiens,” in a host of ways including biology, gender, and cultural beliefs/practices, to name a few. It’s truly refreshing to read a book that doesn’t consider humansâ€"and particularly the cultural constructs we often take for absoluteâ€"as the norm. Between that and the fact that I absolutely fell in love with the cast of characters, this book (and I feel safe to assume, the rest of the series, which is ongoing) has become a new favorite for me. Aimee Miles The Girls at the Kingfisher Club  (2014) by Genevieve Valentine I’ve written about my love of fairy tales, but it means that at this point in my life I am incredibly particular about them. For me, a good retelling needs to explore the story in a way that hasn’t been done ad nauseum. This is one of the best retellings. 12 Dancing Princesses is not a well-trodden story (Get it? Like their shoes?), and Valentine takes us to 1920’s NYC for the setting. The story is about the love of 12 siblings all set against a uncaring father. The oldest, Jo, takes the girls to nighttime speakeasies to burn off their energy and frustration. Valentine somehow makes each of the 12 sisters distinctive, though some don’t get quite as much page time as the others. Jo struggles with the pull of her own wishes against her responsibilities toward her many sisters. She worries that she’s an instrument of her father, keeping her sisters subdued for him, rather than their champion, keeping them safe from him. It’s a fairly quiet novel, but it moves along with clea n prose and little need to tie itself to the original tale. This book is perfect in my opinion and I went to re-read looking for its warm embrace. Jessica Woodbury True Grit  (1968) by Charles Portis Sometimes you stumble into one of your favorite books of all time because you wake up in the morning, open the Audible Daily Deal email, and you see that your favorite author, Donna Tartt, is narrating the book today. For just $2.95 it seemed like a pretty safe bet even if it was a Western. Meeting a book can be serendipitous like that. Like a rom com where you see a scruffy guy in a cowboy hat across the room, and sure, he doesn’t look like your type at all, but when you get to talking something clicks. It can feel kind of like you’ve met your soulmate in book form. Even though I’d met this book’s close relative in the movie adaptation, I had no idea that when I met the book, sparks would fly. Yes, please, give me a book narrated by a curt, opinionated spinster about the naively bold girl she once was. Let me listen to her share her adventures interspersed with observations on townsfolk she doesn’t like. Let me listen to this woman who has remained, for decades, utterly he rself, inimitable and cantankerous and uncompromising. Oh, yes, there are also outlaws and rangers and manhunts and snakes. Those are all good, too. Kate Scott The Monster of Florence  (2008) by Douglas Preston Mario Spezi After reading The Lost City of the Monkey God earlier this year, I decided to explore Preston’s backlist. I don’t read much true crime, but the intriguing tale of a brutal serial killer stalking the picturesque groves of Florence was too enticing to pass up. The Monster of Florence describes an enthralling case, with more twists and turns than a James Patterson novel, but it goes much deeper than that. There are three things that make this account truly exceptional. The first is that the co-author, Mario Spezi, was actually arrested for the murders at one point. How many true crime books have you read in which the author is also a suspect? The second is that it exposes the corruption of the Italian legal system. It’s not just a book about a series of gruesome murders; it’s also a book about justice gone wrong. And third, it details the roles some of the main actors in the Monster of Florence case played in the Amanda Knox case, an angle that further condemns an unhinged crimi nal justice system. Bottom line: The Monster of Florence is a page-turner with a purpose. If you’re looking for your next true crime read, pick this one up ASAP. Elizabeth Allen The House on Mango Street  (1991) by Sandra Cisneros This beautiful heartbreaker of a book had been on my radar for a few years, but I just never made it a priority. I was lucky to pick up a copy at my library’s annual book sale last year and earlier this year found myself needing to break a particularly bad reading slump. Books on the shorter side tend to be the magic bullet for me in this respect, so I grabbed my used copy of Mango Street off of the shelf. And, as anticipated, this did the trick. Cisneros’s use of vibrant, complicated language in a middle grade book shows that she implicitly trusts and respects her audience. This is one of those books where I was shocked to learn of its publication date, as it has taken on the “classics” mantle in such a short period of time. Alice Burton   Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War  (2006) by Nathaniel Philbrick This book has been on my shelf for 10 years, and a recent move plus it being Thanksgiving time brought it to my attention. Philbrick takes care to tell as much as he can of both sides of the story, while having to rely overwhelmingly on Pilgrim accounts. He tells the story of the Pilgrim settlers and the native tribes they met, starting from the Pilgrims’ time in Holland as a persecuted religious sect, to the end of King Philip’s War, the last ditch effort by King Philip to stop the English takeover of his and other tribes’ lands. Christina Orlando Every Heart a Doorway  (2016) by Seanan McGuire I will readily admit to being a grown woman who still dreams of getting her Hogwarts letter or finding a magical door that will lead me away from the real world. This book is for people like me who know, deep in that secret imaginative part of them, that they belong somewhere else. The book follows young Nancy, having just returned from a fantastic land, as she enters a school dedicated to rehabilitating those returning to the real world after having similar experiences. There is magic, murder, science, and an asexual protagonist (!!!). It’s a relatively recent publication by an author with an impressive and renowned backlist, and a quick read that will leave you feeling jealous of those who have found their magical door. Rincey Abraham We Gon Be Alright: Notes on Race and Resegregation  (2016) by Jeff Chang In this essay collection, Jeff Chang connects the Black Lives Matter Movement to #OscarsSoWhite to the re-segregation of towns throughout the United States and how that led to the events in Ferguson and around the country. Even if you already know about these events, Chang highlights a lot of the details behind the beginnings of these movements, how they all connect to each other, and how they have led to where we are today. This is a required reading book for people living in the United States because it not only will show you why things are the way they are, but how we can and should move forward as a country. Priya Sridhar   Modern Romance  (2015) by Aziz Ansari The road to true love has lots of potholes, false ends, and sometimes technology as a hindrance. Aziz Ansari, after realizing how stressful texting a date can be, decides to explore how courtship has changed over the past few decades. He talks to his parents about arranged marriages, for example, and to Japanese businessmen about updated technology. We get a lot of research and insight into society, and how we view romance. Abby Hargreaves The Kitchen Boy: A Novel of the Last Tsar  (2003) by Robert Alexander With an incredibly strong voice, the narrator of Robert Alexander’s The Kitchen Boy tells the story of the final days of the Romanovs’ story and his involvement in their deaths. Graphic at times, the book is heart-wrenching and gripping despite sparse action. Even readers who know the royalties’ fates will hold on to shreds of hope as they come to the final pages. The Kitchen Boy is one to read slowly to truly appreciate the excellent and delicious prose while savoring the incredible story through which Alexander leads his readers. Plus, a shocking twist at the end will make you want to flip to the beginning and start again. It’s mind-boggling to me this book hasn’t received more attention and I want to shout from the rooftops, “Read this book!” Danielle Bourgon The Night Circus  (2011) by Erin Morgenstern This book has been rave reviewed by absolutely everyone I know and now I can rave about its greatness with the best of them. I’ve never read something that had such vivid imagery and such a distinct feel. I’ve read a few books since that were described as read-alikes, but nothing has come close. The writing was magical and full of moments that have stuck with me all year. If you have even a small inkling of wanting to read this one. Do it. Right now. Seriously, go grab it! I’ll be here to talk over how incredible it is when you’re done. Kate Krug Dark Matter  (2016) by Blake Crouch This book utterly blew my mind. I stayed up until 3am to finish and then just laid in my bed afterward thinking about life and the universe and other metaphysical things I’ve only really thought about in my college philosophy class. Dark Matter is a smart thriller that makes you question life as you know it and I was on the edge of my seat (or bed) until the end. Believe the hype, people. It’s real. Sarah Ullery Thunder Lightning: Weather Past, Present, Future  (2015) by Lauren Redniss If you talk to me about weather, I promise I will never be bored. This is a graphic novel about weather and our relationship with weather. The pictures were drawn on location, and according to the author were given their unique effect by two different printmaking techniques: copperplate photogravure etchings and photopolymer processâ€"meaningless to someone who knows nothing about art, but the pictures were so stand out gorgeous that I was curious how they were made. Also, before this book, I had never heard of Svalbard (small archipelago north of Norway) or the Atacama Desert in Chile, which are now two places I’d desperately like to travel to. Emily Polson Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda  (2015) by Becky Albertalli An adorable YA love story that takes place mostly through anonymous emails between two boys who haven’t yet come out to the world. I loved everything about this book. The narrative is split between Simon’s POV and the emails he exchanges with the mysterious Blue, which drives the story forward with lots of little emotional cliffhangers. While the love story is the driving focus of the plot, there are plenty of moments of character growth that take the book deeper. I loved Simon’s thoughts on how growing up is a continual series of “coming out” to the people in your life in different ways. Every time you change at all, you have to “reintroduce [yourself] to the universe all over again.” Tasha Brandstatter Born a Crime: Stories from a South African Childhood  (2016) by Trevor Noah I generally give memoirs a wide berth, so it’s a testament to this book that it’s one of my favorite reads of the year. Noah is a ridiculously good storytellerâ€"he knows exactly when to misdirect and when to lay it on the line. There are so many memorable moments: the sneaky pooping incident; when he went to meet his father as an adult (made me sob all over the place); go Hitler; Fufi the dog. It’s touching and hilarious and sad and thoughtful and all the things. Plus I learned about a culture and country I with which I was completely unfamiliar. Noah deserves every accolade for this book and I can’t recommend it enough. Laura Sackton The Goldfinch  (2013) by Donna Tartt I loved this book for its gorgeous writing and complex characters, but all I really want to talk about is the audio. The audio is SO GOOD. Please imagine me jumping up and down, screaming excitedly, and fist pumping right now, because I cannot do it justice with this demure little blurb. I have listened to a lot of audiobooks this year, and many of them have been fantastic, but none of them have even come close to being as good as The Goldfinch. I think about the audio of this book on an at-least-weekly basis, and it gives me shivers. Actual shivers. Like, “isn’t it incredible that something as perfect as the audio of The Goldfinch exists in the world!” shivers. David Pittu not only voices a range of characters with stunning precision, but executes the first person narration of the novel with power, fluidly, and astonishing grace. It did not feel like someone reading a work of fiction; listening to it was like being inside the book itself. Donna Tartt wrote a breathtaking book, but it is Pittu’s narration that landed it a place on my list of all-time favorite novels. Ann Foster The Secret Lives of Sgt. John Wilson: A True Story of Love and Murder  (1997) by Lois Simmie With true crime literature, podcasts, and documentaries having something of a golden age, I was interested to read this award-winning classic of the genre. It’s a highly engaging read, using documents and old photographs to recreate the baffling and cruel actions of the titular sergeant, the only Canadian Mountie ever convicted of murder. Wilson is a cipher, clearly charismatic as he inelegantly juggles two marriages on both sides of the Atlantic, his mountain of lies less and less credible as the charade goes on. Both a cautionary tale of marital abuse and the inspiring take of one woman’s determination to get justice for her sister, it’s at once uniquely Canadian and instantly universal. The picture it paints of turn of the century Saskatchewan is also notable and sets this work apart from other tales of historical true crime. Whats the best backlist book you read this year?

The Crucible by Arthur Miller - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 384 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2018/12/26 Category Art Essay Type Review Level High school Tags: The Crucible Essay Did you like this example? The Crucible talks about witchcraft trials that occurred in Salem, Massachusetts around 1692. The play discusses a story about three girls named Betty and Abigail who were seen by Reverend Parris dancing in the woods with Tituba. Later, Betty became sick and unconscious. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Crucible by Arthur Miller" essay for you Create order The news about witchcraft spreads, and many people gathered in Parriss home where Reverend Hale; an expert in witchcraft, is invited to determine whether the illnesses in Salem was caused by witchcraft. He realizes that the girls were dancing with Tituba who can conjure spirits. Tituba and the girls confesses to being involved in witchcraft. Abigail stated that she had given herself to the devil. Elizabeth who is married to Proctor is also accused of witchcraft. Proctor, Rebecca Nurse, and Elizabeth are put into Prison due to witchcraft allegations. Hales effort to convince the prisoners to confess fails. Reputation is one of the major themes in the play. Reputation refers to ones image in the eyes of other people; it is the public opinion regarding a person. Having a good reputation in The Crucible is an important aspect. There are several cases of people protecting their reputation. Proctor is an example of a character who regard his reputation as important. For instance, when the girls accused him of evil, and he was arrested, Reverend Hale pleads with him to confess to avoid being hanged. He makes the confession and signs the affidavit, but he refuses to give it to the court. Instead, he tears it. This is because he cannot bear it, confessing that he is a witchcraft which would ruin his reputation. Proctor cried out,Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given my soul; leave me my name! This implies that he was prote cting his reputation. The Crucible play contains several themes, but reputation is the main one. We should strive to create a good reputation and never lie to protect ourselves. Despite the fact that Proctor was a good man, he committed adultery. Therefore, he should have confessed to avoid all the drama surrounding his family. Therefore, our actions determine our reputation.

Neuropsychological Search on Otherizing The Tendency to...

Otherizing is the phrase â€Å"us and them† referring to the tendency of disregarded groups to be viewed as â€Å"different from† the prevailing group. Furthermore group relationships in society have involved statements of supremacy, specifically the belief that one group is superior to another group or civilization. Neuropsychological research is demonstrating that otherizing is an innate and universal human capacity. As soon as we start place people outside of our group of â€Å"us† the brain automatically begins to degrade them as well as justify bad treatment towards â€Å"them†. Seeing as otherizing lies within the roots of humans therefore bringing forth humanity’s most persistent problems that we are exposed to on a daily bases such as racism, sexism, homophobia, religion, age, culture etc. Thus the viewing of outsiders as â€Å"others† has historically been used to justify the mistreatment and disregarded by one group of people by ano ther. While group discrimination such as slavery and racism is no longer as big a issue as it was in the past compared to today, but still the impulse of viewing outsiders with suspicion or as inferior remains, while suspicions tend to go with appearance, as well as racial connotations. Extending on difference based on class, nationalism, culture and religion. The â€Å"other† due to political and governmental structure therefore the â€Å"other† is derived to have a say nor an opinion as they are not taken for granted. One of the most popular existing otherizing is

The Clashing of Wills Free Essays

Conflict between generations is a common them to many novels. In the novel†Bread Givers†, by Anzia Yezierksa, the clashing of wills of two generations is one major theme. We see clashes through culture, generations, community, religion,generations, and many others. We will write a custom essay sample on The Clashing of Wills or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most prominent clash of wills is that of the protagonist Sara with her father Moisha or Reb Smolinsky. Some may say that these two characters clash because of their differences. Others might say that it their similarities that cause the clash between them both. It seems that it is a combination of their similarities and their differences that cause their clash and, in fact, binds them closer than At the beginning of the novel we learn that Sara†s father has nick named her blood and iron recognizing the fact that she has a strong will. It is Sara†s strong will that causes the most of the conflict with her and her father. Sara gets her strong will and drive from her father. She is not like her sisters who follow the cultural expectations of early marriage, but she, instead, has greater ambition for her life. Sara plans to get an education which is not in her fathers plan for her life. Reb wants Sara to marry like her other sisters, and live a â€Å"holy† life according to the Torah. Sara†s will to educate herself, and Reb†s will to have Sara married is what causes the conflict in their relationship. Like Sara†s blood and iron will, Reb also is driven for his daughters to live their life according to the Torah. It is the strong will of these two characters that cause their connection. While Reb is bound to the laws and traditions of the Torah, Sara is bound to the drive to be educated or make herself a better, more successful person. One incident that exemplifies the strong will of both these characters is found at the beginning of the novel. The rent collector for the landlord comes to the apartment to collect rent, but Reb does not have the money. The two argue and Reb finally hits the collector, who is Jewish, and shouts, â€Å"I†ll teach you respect for the Holy Torah† (p. 18). Reb is then taken off to jail for assault. Then Sara decides since none of her sisters are bringing in enough money, that she would go out and make some. She buys a some fish for twenty five cents and then hit the street to sell them for double what she paid. We see by this that Reb has an iron will when in comes to his religion and the Torah, while Sara has a will to make herself a better and successful person. He strives for religious perfection while Sara strives Sara follows the orders of her father until she reaches her breaking point in the unsuccessful business he buys. Sara walks out on her mother and father, leaving behind all connections to her old life. This is her chance to start out in the world to attain her goal. This is a difficult thing for a girl to do in that time and place. She would face many bumps on her road, the greatest being resisting the old world that her family is bound to. While her sisters question her actions, they praise her for getting away from their father. Her sister Bessies says, â€Å"Thank God you had the courage to break away† (p 142). Bessie is praising her for not letting her father marry her off as he did her and his other two daughters. A long time after leaving the home Reb goes to visit Sara in her small apartment. The sight of her father is something she had longed for so she was happy to see him. She thought he would understand her because, as she says, â€Å"He had given up worldly success to drink the wisdom of the Torah† (p. 202). When in fact he came to chastise her for not accepting a marriage proposal. He feels this is her only chance to live a holy life and get into heaven. After her continued refusal and argument with her father Reb responds with, â€Å"I disown you. I curse you. May your name and your memory be blotted out of this earth† (p. 208). Sara had hoped for recognition, and even identification with her sacrifice while her father came only to shun her sacrifice. Her lifestyle, although much like his, was against his religious beliefs. This is a point were we see how the similarities between the two is what is breaking them apart. Sara says to her father, â€Å"All my selfishness is from you† (p. 206). Just like her father, Sara had given up her life to attain success through an education, but it is the education of her father that divides them. Reb sacrificed and educated himself in the Torah that tells him that a women is to be in the home. Sara is also sacrificing but, to her father, her sacrifice in sacrilege to their religion. Sara has an overwhelming will to educate herself in order to make herself a person. She sacrifices just about everything in her life in order to attain her goal of becoming a school teacher. She is willing to live alone, work and starve herself nearly to death, and give up all things other girls her age covet like going out on dates or wearing make-up. She address the sacrifice she makes within herself to her college dean, Sara says, â€Å"Why is it that when a nobody wants to get to be somebody she†s got to make herself terribly hard, when people like you who are born high up can keep all their kind feelings and get along so naturally well with everybody?†, (p. 231). Sara know that she had to become somebody else in order to attain her goal. She sees that she has to become â€Å"hard† in order to be a success. We see also in Reb a sacrifice. He has to sacrifice a life of frivolous living. He has dedicated himself to his religion, as Sara has dedicated herself to education. He acknowledges the fact that he has an obligation to live a model life. Some may say he was selfish in his dedication. This selfishness may be true but it was a selfishness that took a lot of dedication. Most could never live their lives to the letter of any law. Reb lived his life as a living example of what the Torah intended life to be. Whether we agree with it or not, his dedication is to be commended. We see that Sara and her father share many traits. They are both selfish to the cause of their own education. They both hold an intense dedication to what they set their minds to. So much so that it exceeds their need for anything else. They also have an intense connection to the tools of their dedication, in other words, their books. After Sara turns down a suitor she says, â€Å"I seized my books and hugged them to my breast as thought they were living things.† (p. 201). Reb also shows his connection to his books in dedicating a room in the small apartment just for them. Imagine, this family is crammed into a tiny apartment without room for light even, and he dedicates a room entirely to his books. We see that they both have a connection to learning that is stronger than any other. We see that the greatest divide in Sara and Reb†s relation as a reflection of the expected gender roles. Reb†s religious belief says that a women†s place is in the home and that being unmarried is sinful. A complete women to Reb is a married one while to Sara a complete women is an educated on. Reb wanted Sara married over anything else, while Sara wanted her education over anything else. They both had their own best interest at hear. Reb wanted his daughter to marry to secure a place in heaven, and Sara wanted an education to secure her place in the world. It is towards the end of the novel that we see how Sara and her father are so closely related. It is maybe at this time that Sara sees the connection as well. She comes to see how her father, like herself, had to make himself hard in order to obtain his goal of religious perfection. She says of her father, â€Å"In a world where all is changed, he alone remained unchanged-as tragically isolated as the rocks† (p. 296). She now sees how her father had to isolate and make himself hard in order to be the man he is. Sara sees that through education she is a person, and now sees that for her father to be a person he had to be the religious person. They say that opposites attract and we must, therefore, assume that likes repel. I think this is what we see with Sara and her father. They are essentially the same yet there outlook on life is different. They share a similar drive it is just their ideals that are different. Sara acknowledges that her connection would be there for the rest of their lives in the last passage of the book. She says, â€Å"I felt the shadow still there over me. It wasn†t just my father, but the generations who made my father whose weight was still upon me† (p. 297). Sara realizes that she is who she is because of her father, and he is the way he is because those who came before him. It is the burden we all bare with our families. We argue because we are so connected, and are essentially cut from the same cloth. Maybe this is why similar poles repel, it is because we see in our reflection what we don†t like in the reflection. How to cite The Clashing of Wills, Papers

Levi Strauss Co. Global Sourcing an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Levi Strauss Co.: Global Sourcing Levi Strauss & Co is said to be the world biggest apparel company it is now presented with a tough decision that could have enormous implications for it profitability, stability and internal values. There is a clear dichotomy of choices now facing the company and these forces the senior managers to rethink entrenched value propositions, weight their relevance and decide on a path that does not undermine or negatively impact their brands and ultimate profitability. The company is very careful in selecting business partners who share their values and so the way forward presents opportunities and also outcomes inimical to its image and financial health. The Company set up the China Policy Group in 1992 to specifically examine two options relating to China. Need essay sample on "Levi Strauss& Co.: Global Sourcing" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The Group had two foci: The first was on whether Levi Strauss and Co. should continue to source and purchase fabric in China and the second was if it should make direct investments in manufacturing and marketing in that country. Both decision needed to be carefully thought out and any ensuing decision needed to be pragmatic, principled and consistent with the companys ethical values and global sourcing guidelines. The company was started in the 1850s and operates in countries all over the world and by the end of the twentieth century, Levi was said to be synonymous with jeans and is emblematic of American popular culture. The vice president for Corporate Marketing explained that Levis jeans epitomized freedom, originality, youthfulness and the spirit of America in markets worldwide. They were even included in the permanent collection of the Smithsonian Institute, a museum of U.S. history and culture located in Washington, D.C. (Janofsky p. C4. Ff). This clearly showed that the company was seriously concerned about its image and wanted to maintain the right relationships with its various publics to ensure that Levis products would consistently represent its ideals. The company manufacture products primarily in countries where they can be sold and market it flagship Levis brand in more than sixty countries (Levi Strauss to sales of jeans and related products outside the United States, principally in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region (San Francisco Business Times, May 22, 1992, p. 5 ff ). This means that the company needs to seriously consider the financial impact of the China decision on its bottom line. The company would ideally need to operate within the global guidelines and ethics but would have to weigh theses against the possibility of losing a potentially profitable market thus potentially negatively impacting future growth and financial health. Burgeoning international sales have become increasingly significant and in 1992, these sales accounted for 37% of total revenues and 53% of pretax profits. Therefore the significance of the China market with over a billion people and one of the fastest growing economies in the world could not be ignored even if the company experience some dissonance or discomfort with its decision. Levi Strauss & Co. also recognized that it receives higher profit margins from foreign customers who were more willing to pay for perceived high quality clothing (Eckhouse p.D2). Foreign customers were paying about twice the average price that customers in the United States were paying and this, coupled with profitability data might encourage the leaders of Levi Strauss and company to consider the option to engage in investments in manufacturing and marketing in that China. Legal grey markets were surfacing in some countries and this was the process were people would buy Levis products in bulk off the shelf in the United States, ship them into another country and then sell the products at knock-off prices in unauthorized outlets. This is a trend that the company perceived to be a threat to the image of its products. The company has registered its trademark in over 150 countries to combat this trend and a decision to make direct investments in manufacturing and marketing in China may also help the company to successfully fight this unwanted happening. China has a large population of over a billion people and on the surface; this provides an attractive market for its products. However, Levi Strauss and Co. has guidelines for company selection and these may be in conflict with the companys options concerning China. China has a military government and the communist regime has come under attack from people and governments all over the world for perceived human rights violation. The incident at Tiananmen Square, China in 1989 where demonstrators were killed could be a thorny issue for the company leaders to deal with in light of the fact that historically, Levi withdrew from Burma and cancelling contracts to buy 850, 000 trousers and shirts annually because, under current circumstances, it is not possible to do business without directly supporting the military government and its pervasive human-rights violations (Billenness 1993). Levi Strauss s clothing was not mass marketed there .The companys China Policy Group started its work in late 1992 and companys presence in China was quite little then. During 1991 the company leaders decided in the 11th hour of consultation to give up on a China joint venture to produce clothes for sale in local Chinese markets after they discovered that the venture would be responsible for enforcing Chinas one-child-per family policy. This was not in keeping with the internal guidelines of Levi Strauss and Co. In China, the company sourced materials for its products either directly or indirectly from contractors and these include buttons, threads, labels and fabric. China was a top location for global companies to place fabric mills and so Levi could easily source many of the required raw materials at competitive prices. According to the report from the Harvard Business School, Levi Strauss decision carried other implications: Any change in LSs China stance would be felt most directly by employees in the Hong Kong branch of the companys Asian sourcing organization. Responsible for all Hong Kong and China sourcing, the 120-person office arranged for a total of 20 million to 22 million units from about 20 contractors in 1992. The Hong Kong branch was confident there would be no problem finding satisfactory contractors if LSs Chinese contractors were doing well under the Business Partner Terms of Engagementbetter even than contractors in some other parts of Asia with whom LS&CO. had very successful relationships. These implications would have to be considered by the senior leaders before any concrete action is taken to move forward. Historically, the leaders of Levi predicated their actions on a strong link between good ethics and good business over future years and appreciated the ethical dilemmas that came with a decision to do business in China. It all well and good to potentially make a goof profit, but the leaders did not want to sacrifice ethical ideas on the altar of financial gain. Levi Strauss principled reasoning approach(PRA), a thorough and explicit procedure that involved six discrete steps: (1) defining the problem, (2) agreeing on the principles to be satisfied, (3) identifying both high- impact and high-influence stakeholders and assessing their claims, (4) brainstorming possible solutions, (5) testing the consequences of chosen solutions, and (6) developing an ethical process for implementing the Solution (Levi Strauss & Co.: Global Sourcing (A). This approach could prove to be the guide to making a decision that allow the company to implement a strategic plan without violating internal guidelines. Levi Strauss s sales if International and local consumers in the United States reject items sourced or manufactured in China. The consequences could be at best risky and at worst; financially disastrous. Levi would not want to be seen as supporting sub-standard wages in China in order to make a profit. On the other hand, Labor costs in countries differ and the average salary to maintain a household in different countries differs. Levis decision to continue to source and purchase fabric in China or make direct investments in manufacturing and marketing in that country does not mean that they support sub-standard wages or a military government. In fact a decision to make direct investments in manufacturing and marketing in that country may mean that they have a level of control over the wages of workers and the ability to ensure that the company can withstand international scrutiny about its practices. Levi could then ensure that labor standards are equal to that of any first world nation and that the salary of workers in the manufacturing plants is fair. The company can roll-out a global strategy that ensures that workers all over the world are comparatively and equitably paid, albeit not necessarily at the exact same hourly rate. The China market cannot be ignored by the company as it is one of the fastest growing economies in the world and future expansion and profitability of Levi may be impacted on that countrys continued growth. The company can help to change the stereotypical image of firms benefiting from unjust labor standards by becoming a beacon of good corporate citizenry and also increase its profitability. Work Cited Apparel Business Unwrinkled by Retailing Slump, San Francisco Business Times, May 22, 1992, p. 5 ff John Eckhouse, Record Profit as Levis Sales Top $5 Billion, The San Francisco Chronicle, March 2, 1993, p. D2. Michael Janofsky, Whether Its Bluejeans or Mini-Motors or Power Plants . . .: Levi Strauss, American Symbol with A Cause, The New York Times, January 3, 1994, p. C4 ff. Simon Billenness, Burma: A New Issue for Social Investors, Franklin's Insight: Investing for a Better World, Franklin Research and Development Corporation, October 15, 1993.

How to Get Your Essay Started

How to Get Your Essay Started How to Get Your Essay Started Starting an essay is the most difficult activity that students face in their academic career. Students have the tendency to procrastinate in completing their essay writing assignments simply because they think they have more time than they actually do. How to get your essay started is probably the most recurring question on a student’s mind. The essay writing process should be as smooth as possible so that the student writer is motivated to develop the essay fully. First, it is important to read and understand all the essay requirements before beginning. Having the guidelines and requirements at hand enables one to be cognizant of the number of words required and the type of research to be undertaken, as well as determining who targeted audience is. Before writing the essay, it is important to establish a writing schedule. Lengthy custom essays have a myriad of requirements that are all assessed by the evaluator. Students who fail to adhere to these instructions often find themselves with low grades even if the content of the paper is great. To jump-start the essay writing process, one is expected to not only understand the paper requirements but also to employ critical thinking skills. Think about each question and determine what is expected at the completion of the paper. The essay writing process includes a schedule for completing each step and an outline of what one plans to write. Basically, a good essay begins with a brief idea of what the topic encompasses. The topic may be broad, and so it is narrowed down and the purpose of the essay expressed as a thesis statement. The introductory paragraph states the paper’s theme and may mention the main points, as well. Writers are expected not to provide details in the first paragraph. Instead, the body of the paragraph will state the main points again and provide supporting details and elaboration. In addition, correct choice of words and vivid explanations make the essay interesting. Furthermore, extensive research on the topic and generation of new concepts and insight adds value to the essay. Good essays always provide the strengths and weaknesses of various viewpoints related to the issue at hand. This allows the reader to understand both sides of an issue objectively. Before writing, it is necessary to gather all the relevant sources on the essay topic. Recently published articles and journals are often the best sources to use in essay writing. Developing several drafts makes it easier to correct mistakes and to add value in terms of new ideas and concepts. The process of writing a quality essay takes time; therefore, students are advised to begin the paper as soon as it is assigned. However, students who find the essay writing process too demanding always have the option of outsourcing to essay writers online from credible paper writing service institutions. Even so, these students are expected to understand the requirements for the specific essay they need writers to complete for them. Regardless of who writes the paper or the purpose of the paper, certain components are needed for it to be considered well-written. It must contain a clear thesis statement and supporting details. These allow the reader to understand and accept the writer’s position. Additionally, the flow and clarity of ideas is dependent upon the development of an outline. If ideas and concepts are arranged in a logical manner, then the paper will appear coherent. As a result, the reader is more likely not only to understand the paper but to also enjoy reading it. Feel free to get professional essay writing help from academic writers at !

Life and Works of Lee Bontecou, Sculptor of the Void

Life and Works of Lee Bontecou, Sculptor of the Void American artist Lee Bontecou (January 15, 1931–present) came of age at the outset of massive change in the United States. She was born in the throes of the Great Depression, came into consciousness during the Second World War, matured into an artist as the Korean War and other conflicts arose, and continued her practice throughout the Cold War, confronting issues like the Space Race and the threat of nuclear powers in her work. Fast Facts: Lee Bontecou Full Name: Lee BontecouOccupation: Artist and sculptor  Born:  January 15, 1931 in Providence, Rhode IslandEducation:  Bradford College and the Art Students League of New YorkKey Accomplishments: Represented the United States in the So Paulo Biennale in 1961, received a solo exhibition at the star-maker Leo Castelli Gallery in 1966, and was featured in numerous group shows. Early Life Growing up, Bontecou split her time between the New England city of Providence, RI and Canada’s Newfoundland, where she spent her summers. She was deeply enthralled by her physical, natural world. In Newfoundland, she was given the freedom to roam, explore the minerality of wet sand on Canada’s Eastern coastline, and escape to her room to draw images of the flora and fauna she encountered on her adventures. Bontecou’s father invented the first all-aluminum canoe, while her mother had worked in armaments factories during World War Two, making wires for use by the army. It is not hard to see both of her parents’ life circumstances as having an effect on the artist’s work, as the machinery, rivets, and junctures that both mother and father would have known in their professional lives made their way into the synthesized mounted sculptures for which Bontecou became known. (Some compare Bontecou’s work to engines, others to guns and cannons, but there is no doubt that there is something of the constructed, man-made world of industry in them.) Art Education While Bontecou certainly showed signs of an artistic inclination in her youth, her formal training did not begin until after college, when she enrolled in the Art Students League in New York. It was there that she discovered her love of sculpture, a medium that  resonated with her artistic sensibility. The work Bontecou produced while at the Art Students League earned her a Fulbright Grant to practice in Rome for two years, where  she lived from 1956-1957. It was in Rome that Bontecou discovered that  by adjusting the oxygen levels on the blowtorch she used in studio, she could create a steady stream of soot with which she could effectively draw as if with charcoal. Unlike charcoal, however, this soot produced an even deeper black color, one by which Bontecou was captivated- whether this fascination was due to memories of playing in the primordial sludge on the beaches during  her youthful summers in Canada or the fact that the color reminded  her of the unknown abyss of the universe is unknown, but both are equally plausible explanations.   With this new tool, Bontecou produced drawings she called â€Å"Worldscapes. These drawings are reminiscent of horizons, but feel as if they encompass the depths of space and the human soul simultaneously in their dark surfaces. Success and Recognition In the 1960s, Lee Bontecou saw much commercial success for her work. She was notable for both her  young age (she was in her 30s) and her gender, as she was one of the few female artists receiving such honors at the time.   Bontecou represented the United States in the So Paulo Biennale in 1961, was given a solo exhibition at the star-maker Leo Castelli Gallery in 1966, and was featured in group shows at the Museum of Modern Art, Corcoran Gallery in Washington, and the Jewish Museum. She was also the subject of numerous  articles  in popular magazines with national readership beyond the bounds of the art world.   Lee Bontecou, Untitled, 1963.   Museum of Modern Art By the  decade’s close, however, Bontecou had retreated from the art world. She began teaching at Brooklyn College in 1971 and would teach there until the 1990s, after which she moved to rural Pennsylvania,  where she still lives and works today. Notable Motifs and Style Bontecou is known for the presence of black holes in her work, often protruding physically into the observer’s space. Standing in front of them, the viewer is overwhelmed with the uncanny sensation of confronting the infinite, the abyss. She achieved this astonishing effect by lining her canvas structures with black velvet, the matte textured surface of which would absorb light, making it difficult to see the back of the work and producing the sensation that it could be, perhaps, without any back at all. The structural part of these works are pieced together scraps of various materials, from the canvas strips she scavenged  from the laundry above which she worked to the abandoned U.S. Mail bag she found. Bontecou would sometimes distance herself from the vertical picture plane and take to the air in her construction of hanging mobiles. Though they depart formally from her earlier works, these hanging sculptures share similar preoccupations with the wall sculptures, as they can be simultaneously seen as constructions of our minutest structures of existence- the forms of interacting molecules- or of cosmic significance, that is, the orbiting of planets and galaxies. Lee Bontecou, Untitled, 1980-1998.   Museum of Modern Art For Bontecou, the strange foreignness of her work was comprehensible when approached from her life circumstances, which is not to say her works are autobiographical, but rather, she worked from what she gathered within herself. As she said of her work: â€Å"This feeling [of freedom I derive from my work] embraces ancient, present, and future worlds; from caves to jet engines, landscapes to outer space, from visible nature to the inner eye, all encompassed in the cohesiveness of my inner world. Legacy Lee Bontecou’s work was born from the complex geopolitical tensions in the world, the advent of a mechanized total war, and the jostling for power that ensued during the Cold War.  While her work evokes munitions factories and the Space Race, subsequent generations- born safe from the threat of Hitler and after the Vietnam draft- can and will stand in front of Bontecou’s abstract works and think of the infinite mystery of which we are all a part. Sources Modern Women: Veronica Roberts on Lee Bontecou. YouTube.  . Published August 2, 2010.  Butler, C. and Schwartz, A. (2010).  Modern Women. New York: Museum of Modern Art, pp. 247-249.  Munro, E. (2000).  Originals: American Women Artists. New York: Da Capo Press.

Early-Age Marriage in Ethiopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Early-Age Marriage in Ethiopia - Essay Example In this particular research, I want to look into the cultural differences that spell the differences on how different societies view, and react to, early-age marriages or unions. In the Americas, I have come to believe that early-age unions, if ever they occur, are generally viewed, or judged, as a result of lack of parental guidance. Ironically, according to research, in Ethiopia, early-age marriages are planned by parents for many different reasons, but mostly to have a little â€Å"relief† from continuous poverty. My aim in this research is to try to look at the different reasons and effects of early-age marriages to present them to readers in order to not only learn on the Ethiopian culture, but also to gain an insight into how important this aspect is in a person's life. Should people see how the freedom that young people have in a nation whose civil rights movement is at its highest is sometimes taken for granted because they are not placed in an opposite position, they might place more importance on matters that other people of their age would give everything to have. Background Should people, especially in underdeveloped communities where access to health care is inadequate, delay the age of marriage, problems on the physical, emotional, and mental well-being of these young girls will be lessened. Early-age marriage is a common occurrence in developing countries. One example of this is Ethiopia, where â€Å"62% of Ethiopian women aged 20-49 get married before the age of 18,† (Alemu 4) and most, if not all, of these are arranged by the parents of the couple. Furthermore, Ethiopia is ranked as having 12th largest occurrences of early marriages according to the International Center for Research on Women. In such marriages, these young girls are usually just forced to give in to their parents’ wishes for marriage. Permission of the bride is usually not sought, and even prior knowledge or consultation is usually not given. Because of thi s, the child-bride's physical, emotional, and mental well-being are placed under risk of damage that could sometimes be irreparable. Physical problems such as domestic violence, spousal rape, or complications during child-bearing and giving birth can cause severe damage to the child-bride (Gossaye et al. 2). Additionally, emotional issues such as depression, trauma, and even mental distress are evident in a big percentage of these marriages (Gossaye et al. 2). Furthermore, mental problems can also be observed in such marriages. For one, these child-brides are rarely able to go back to school after marriage. This deprives them of self-development and chances for growth. Self-fulfillment becomes rare for these females. Physical Problems in Early-Age Marriages I have not really immersed in a community where early-age marriages abound. However, there are certain multi-cultural communities in rural settings where these types of marriages or unions can be seen. I have observed that while domestic issues are present in every marriage, such issues are more emphasized if one of the spouses is very young. For one, I have always been against domestic violence. There is a general consensus that aside from the children, women are almost always the victims in domestic violence. If adult woman has problems in preventing it from happening to her, how much more can a child-bride prevent it from happening

Career Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Career Plan - Essay Example These alterations have further attracted the focus of the career planners towards issues concerning the regular job hours, stress level on-the-job, remunerations, growth opportunities as well as versatility in the job responsibilities. Following the determination of these aspects on the basis of the academic skills, cognitive competencies and economic abilities of the candidate, the career path is selected (Fogg, Harrington and Harrington 21-30). Considering these issues, I wish to select my career option as a corporate lawyer. However, owing to the fact that the industrial contexts are rapidly changing which might alter the attributes which I had considered when selecting upon the career option of a corporate lawyer, I have decided the job role of a law professor as my second career option. This paper will therefore attempt to discuss upon my career choices and their attributes which should be taken into concern when developing myself as a prospective candidate for the intended job positions. The strong inspirations to influence me for considering about corporate lawyer as a career option have been my family and friends who knew people from a similar career. Even the friends who were associated with businesses advised me to take up the option as a worthy career choice after identifying my skills and hard-working nature. Contextually, after reviewing various articles and consulting with my professors along with the people whom my friends knew as corporate lawyers, I was able to understand that the job responsibilities in relation to this particular career is quite challenging. Undoubtedly, the sustenance as well as the legal viability of a corporate entity relies upon the shoulders and competitiveness of the lawyer which further determines the livelihood of many people. I also observed that corporate lawyers in today’s highly competitive scenario need to handle multiple deals at once, which further creates

Impact of Globalization on the Environment

Impact of Globalization on the Environment Human race faces some desperate challenges to replenish for what has been done by our generation in the name of globalisations. The definition of our in this context is to eloquently emphasise that the outcome of globalisation today was the result of the comprehensiveness of all human race and our here refers to every living human being on this earth who contributes to both the positive and negative outcomes of globalisation. According to Pierik and Werner, the all-inclusiveness (2010, p. 2) applies to every living human being in general and the access to basic rights should also be equally available to every individual on this earth. For instance, right to clean air or clean water. In similar fashion, cosmopolitans argue that as citizens of the world, we should conjointly tackle both the positive and negative impacts of globalisation. As documented by Pogge in World Poverty and Human Rights, every human being has a global stature as the ultimate unit of moral concern (2002, p. 169). However, in the era of globalisation, this is not always the case. The environmental problems have become a pressing issue often relating it to the causal effect of globalisation contributed by the human activities. As stated by Mol in Globalization and Environmental Reform, the environmental repercussions are often related to the market demand and supply, or also widely known as Global Capitalism (2001, p. 71). Global capitalism is no foreign to the global consumptions and economic production which severely hampers the stability of the environment. So, this boils down to one question, what impacts does globalisation really has on the environment? To begin with, this essay will discuss about the implications of globalisation towards the general society. It also argues on the question of distribution equality of environmental risks and followed by the discussion on the ramification of global warming caused by the processes of globalisation. The second part then details on how globalisation has lead to the harmonisation of environmental practices among Transnational Corporations (TNCs) and the last part will then entail on the development of global environmental governance discourses. Is Globalisation eco-friendly? In respect to the effect of global capitalism, it has certainly induced or in a bold way of saying it, it has messed up the entire climate system and the environment respectively. Global warming is no longer a foreign term to most of us and this issue has been overly argued that the economic globalisation is partly behind this which has brought us to where we are now. In relation to the act of global capitalists, it boils down to one question, is there an equal distribution of risks relating to environmental threats across the globe and are the responsibilities on emitting Green House Gases (GHGs) being shared equally by every state in the world? As argued by Mol (2001 p. 79), it is hard to escape from the environmental threats in a highly-globalised era and it is merely impossible to do so. Another scholar like Gray suggests that developed countries conserve their environments by moving their productions to the developing world where environmental regulations on Multi-national corpo rations (MNCs) are more slack and thus, exporting their pollutions to the operating countries (Gray cited in Lofdahl, 2002, p. 9). Hence, making it one of the negative impacts of globalisation. In this case, the environmental risks are not being shared equally nor fair as the win for few are often a dispense for many others. As a cosmopolitan, being equally fair is the way to do it and in a perfect world, sharing environmental risks should be borne not only by states but also transnational actors across the globe and putting effort in conserving the environment in any possible means. This may sound superficial for some of us, but a cosmopolitan scholar like David Heater himself also share the same believe as he had documented in his book, World Citizenship: when possible, participate in schemes for positive conservation and cleansing; and the understanding that the most deleterious effects of environmental degradation can rarely be contained within boundaries of the state where the depleting or polluting processes originate (2002, p. 123). Having said that, to have an equal distribution of environmental risks among nation states and global actors in the real world is really difficult. The question on whether or not the risks are equitably distributed also depends on some bodies in the global governance, for instance, transnational actors like the MNCs or TNCs. There has been debates about transnational corporations for not acquiring feasible (sustainable) production methods and such practices has been widely lauded by most business people across the globe. These unsustainable practices have contributed harm towards the environment both in the operating countries and its neighbouring countries respectively. To top it all, these activities are being operated mostly in the developing nations. Why is that? Is developing nations a soft target for transnational corporations to conduct their unethical business operations? In answering this question, according to Daly and Cobb, one of the many reasons for the favour of operati ng in most developing countries is due to its weak local trading system and the laid-back regulations on transnational corporations. In this respect, the issue on trades and environmental problems could be explained in a wider context involving the WTO (World Trade Organisation) or formerly known as GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). Technically, the formation of globalisation itself was partly moulded by the GATT or WTO in making the world a freer trading ground by opening the markets everywhere across the globe (Baylis et al, 2014, p. 346). According to liberal economists in respect to WTOs trade policies, they argued that the result form pollutions due to the trade could be treated as part of the production cost of producing the goods, and hence, supporting their claim that it could be favourable towards the environment as resources will be utilised in a more efficient manner (Baylis et al, 2014). However, one could contest that its equitability remains questionable. As a money-making organisation, this is often seen as a benefit to further grow their companies in seeking more profits out the production despite for its unsustainable practices in these countries (Daly and Cobb cited in Mol, 2001, p. 83). For instance, the tragic Bhopal incident on December 1984 was the result of unsustainable practices done by a Transnational Corporation. It killed more than fifteen thousand people and approximately more than two hundred fifty thousand people were injured due the pipes leakage mishap; releasing over forty thousand tons of toxic gases to Bhopals open air (Fortun, 2009). Bhopal was obviously a soft target for a multi-national corporation like the Union Carbide. Bhopal region were seen to be backward in terms of development, but due to its prominent location for easy transportation access, it made Bhopal to be an ideal location for the operation (Fortun, 2009). Put simply, Bhopal incident is just one of the examples of an unequitable distribution of environmental risks, not only to the population of Bhopal region, but the result from the mishap has an indirect effect in contributing to transboundary pollution and thereby ultimately, increasing the GHGs emission level on a global scale. In short, every emission made everywhere around the world will be in the expense of every living things on earth including, human, our future generations to be, and even biodiversity. Secondly, its responsibility for the environmental damages and severe climate change particularly on the increase of GHG emissions since the industrial revolution era. Environmental agencies like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) believes that the cause for the environmental degradation or global warming is caused by the increasing amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the result of the increasing number of human activity over the past decades (Huwart and Verdier, 2013, p. 112). Many argues that globalisation is partly responsible for the environmental issues that we are currently facing which is caused by the increase in industrial productions and surging amount of international trade deals due to massive global consumption. That said, several human-induced activities that contributes to the surging emission amount of CO2 are mainly from transportation, global capitalist activities (mainly on industrial activity and consumption) and deforestation. Accordin g to Huwart and Verdier (2013), transportation takes a big chunk of the CO2 emission level to the atmosphere. For instance, roughly about nine percent of the GHG emission is from the aviation sector and overall, approximately about eighty-six percent increase of GHG emission from the aviation sector from 1990 to 2004 (Huwart and Verdier, 2013, p. 113). Nonetheless, aviation industry is one of the most profitable industries now. According to International Civil Aviation organization (ICAO, 2016), the overall amount of CO2 emission for India aviation industry was roughly around 16.4 million tonnes as of 2014. On that note, between 2005 to 2007, the local airline companies have ordered about five hundred aeroplanes due to the rising number of passengers travelling locally and internationally (Huwart and Verdier, 2013, p. 113). Put simply, the dilemma between economic growth and pollution is never ending, it is an unprecedented loop. So long as there is consumption, we are inevitably bo unded to experience global warming. In relation to the issue on global warming, as Huwart and Verdier documented in Economic Globalisation, Globalisation is often an ally of the chainsaw (2013, p. 114). Huwart and Verdier (2013) argues that transportation is not just the only source of pollution, other human activities such as deforestation also contributes towards the gradual increase of GHG emissions over the past decades. This is none other due to the increase in consumption percentage globally and it pushes mass production of goods in order to cater the market demand. For example, as of 2003, soy exports by the Brazilians to China was approximately around six million tonnes. Deforestation of lands in some parts of Brazil has enabled them to produce more soy to cater China market. The rule is simple, more soy export, more rainforest is being turned into farmland (Huwart and Verdier, 2013). All of these activities has a chain effect which contributes to global warming. Besides, gl obal warming is one of the reasons for the increasing number in natural calamity such as increase in sea water level causing floods and also hurricanes. For instance, low-lying island states that only lies about three metres above sea level will be in jeopardy, countries such as, Tuvalu, Palau, Maldives and other low-lying states will be severely affected (Ashe, Lierop and Cherian, 1999). Considering that these small island states play a very little role in global pollution and this boils down to one question, could this also be a case of unequitable distribution of environmental risk? Looking at it in a different perspective, a realist or a sceptic would perceive it as an equal loss or gain. For instance, as pointed out by Ritzer (2010, p. 337), the North is more concerned on the issue of global warming, meanwhile the South is heavily encumbered with other pressing issues like HIV, famine and Malaria. So, is this a fair game? Mass migration is also often discussed in unearthing the several effects from the result of global warming. Its side effect within itself has caused several problems and it will be catastrophic to the human race in many years to come. In this respect, the rising sea level is one of the products of global warming. Scientifically, this is due to the rapid melting of ice sheets throughout the world which is caused by a rapid increase in temperature. For instance, it is expected that there will be a rise in sea level globally by twenty-three feet if the ice in Greenland were to be completely melted and another seventeen-foot rise on sea level if the ice in the Antarctica were to be ruptured in a similar manner. Hence, that make it up to forty feet increase in sea level in total. It goes without saying if this happens, it would be a massive calamity on a global scale and it could easily wipe out the entire low-lying states and the small island nations in a glimpse (Ritzer, 2010, p. 345). This is not a new phenomenon, temperature has been increasing and the rise in sea level is expected to be quicker than previously forecasted putting the small island and low-lying states in a most vulnerable position (Collins Rudolph cited in Ritzer, 2010). In many cases, natural disasters like floods, droughts or even storm could be a golden opportunity for businesses out there. As stated by Klein in This Changes Everything, natural disaster could open doors to business opportunities especially in the reformation of new houses and infrastructures like in New Jersey right after the superstorm sandy died down. Or, the surge in numbers of patent for genetically engineered seeds that withstands extreme weather conditions is also seen as business opportunity by big corporations like Monsanto and Syngenta (2015, p. 9). None of these are much of a surprise for us as this is rather a norm for most capitalists to act in such manner. That said, natural disasters are often seen as an opportu nity, making money out of ones agony. Referring to the earlier statement, could this also be the case for the small island nations if the entire land is no longer inhabitable? Charging each and every individual from these nations for a new place to stay when the sea level hits exactly at three feet above the ground? The idea behind this is that, charging would not solve any of these problems. The issues on global warming is very complex that it is interconnected with the well-being of the world society. For instance, looking at the small island nations and low-lying states circumstances, it is expected to be about 60 million people will become refugees if sea level were to rise above three feet (Ritzer, 2010, p. 347). The potential haphazard from the migration would be a nightmare for the world society and the likely effect from this would be an increase in crime rate, surging number in poverty, food scarcity and security issues as the world will become more borderless. Are we ready for this? Should this happen, this will become a world problem as catastrophe as such is irreversible. Hence, preventing or slowing down global warming would be the best solution to this. On the other side of this coin, thanks to globalisation for leading us to a world without border in a sense where creating awareness on global warming and other environmental issues are easier now than it was 50 years ago, despite for the damages that it has done over these years. Put simply, it is a way forward and it could be a way out for the citizens of the world. As stated by Mol in Globalization and environmental Reform: Globalization can trigger the harmonization of national environmental practices, regimes, and standards, produce new institutional arrangements at a supra-national level, transfer environmental technologies, management concepts, and organizational models, and accelerate the exchange of environmental information around the world (2001, p. 96). In a way, globalisation had already created a platform in addressing the issues on environment. That said, a collective effort is needed in order to achieve certain objectives on creating a sustainable environment and a greener economic growth. As argued by Mol (2001), globalisation has led to the harmonisation of environmental practices among the key drivers on the global market, i.e. transnational corporations. As one of the key drivers in the global scene, their position is quite prominent which enables them to influence the environmental improvements and promoting best practice to their consumers and as well as to their suppliers. Transnational corporations are seen to be as a strong actor in the global governance especially in the transmission of new technology and producing influential advertisements (Choucri, 1991). Choucri (1991) also stated that transnational corporations will be useful in shaping up new means of doing business and trades in the most sustainable way as possi ble. However, issues on environmental reformation is not a one man show, it is rather a collective initiative from other responsible parties as well. In light of this, Mol (2001) also argues that efforts on environmental harmonisation practices by transnational actors would not have been possible without the help of few driving factors like the International Standard Organisation (ISO), environmental Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), international regulatory bodies and even public pressure. These underlying has been a push factor for some, not all, TNCs everywhere around the globe. Some international standards were created cohesively with the harmonisation of environmental practices for manufacturing purposes, namely, the ISO 14000 series (Mol, 2001, p. 99). Having said that, this kind of initiatives help to reduce unsustainable manufacturing methods and act as one of the triggering tools towards a greener means of production across TNCs. But then again, having ISO alone will n ot secure the future of the environmental problems that we are currently facing because it acts as only a jumpstart for a greener way of manufacturing goods. On another level, globalisation could also somehow create a join force or formation of positive social movements especially in combating the environmental challenges that are contributed by TNCs across the region. Let us take the social movement of the Bhopal incident survivors as an example to help explain this particular point. After the Bhopal incident, many social movements were formed with regards to the unethical business practices by TNCs in the region. In this respect, the focus of these initiatives has also evolved overtime where issues on gender were also integrated in these social movements. Underpinning gender in this context, Suroopa Mukhrejee argued that the tragic Bhopal incident has put gender under the limelight where the social movements were formed and lead by the women survivors of the Bhopal incident (Mukre jee cited in Scandrett and Mukhrejee, 2011, p. 201). That said, Mukhrejee also argued that the core of the social movement was focused in addressing womens well-being which the outcome from the incident had caused several complications to womens health and body respectively. As stated by Scandrett and Mukhrejee, the experience of poison in the womens bodies in its disruption of menstrual cycles and gynaecological functions, abnormal births and dependent children, becomes reflected in the bodily practices of protest (2011, p. 202). Put simply, the result from the incident has somehow induced for such movement to happen allowing women to step forward and be empowered in fighting not only for womens right, but also environmental justice in their region and throughout the country. In view of this, I argue that the strive from these kind movements is not just beneficial for the present society, but also for the future generation to come which has the right to access clean air and clean environment. After all, living in a clean environment is part of human rights as well. However, scholars like Wilfred Beckerman and Joanna Pasek believes that the unborn future generations hold no rights and do not deserve to have anything out of it as they are not here to utilise these rights in present (Beckerman and Pasek cited in Pierek and warner, 2010, p. 32). On contrary, scholars like Simon Caney argued that the rights for the unborn generations will be jeopardised if such approach are not going to be taken into account now. If such right like the rights for the unborn generations were to be in placed now, the future generation would hold a full moral sentiment on duties to protect and not to harm the environment (Caney, 2011, p. 235) and hence, shaping up a better and highly morale future society. Therefore, the current generation should be obliged to not act in a way where it will threaten the rights of the future generations. In relation to the collective efforts as mentioned earlier, there are several initiatives that has been done over the recent years in addressing the environmental issues especially on mitigation of climate change. For example, the development of global environmental governance like the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol in 1997, Copenhagen Accord or even the recent Paris Agreement. In general, these initiatives are recognised as an effort in spearheading the global economy towards a greener global business direction. Of course, having institutions or agencies as such does not necessarily bring about a complete success in tackling environmental issues, but rather, it could be a game changing process for the businesses especially the TNCs in modifying their production practices into a more sustainable method. For instance, the carbon tax could be a powerful tool in reducing the emissions on GHGs. Businesses will be taxed on a basis of th eir carbon emission usage from the utilisation of fossil fuels and the aim of this instrument is to motivate businesses to divert their production methods into a more sustainable one (Ritzer, 2010, p. 356). Having said that, instruments as such would be more effective if nations from all over the world participates, especially some major polluters like the US and China. Thus, participations are also seen as a collective effort in mitigating environmental issues. Several instruments like the carbon credit purchase and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) were also introduced in Kyoto Protocol which aims to reduce GHG emissions especially from the highly industrialised developed countries (Lechner, 2009, p. 257). For instance, the essence of the CDM encourages cooperation between developed and developing countries in a sense where a conducive sustainable development could be harnessed from utilising this instrument i.e. green technology transfer to developing countries. Of course, th e motivating factor for these developed countries to run CDM is to ensure that their emission target could be achieved by 2012 to 5 percent below 1990 level (Ma, 2010). The idea behind this is that, globalisation has lead us to a stage where issues on global warming are seen to be a severe world problem if its left untreated. Also, we have witnessed growing numbers of environmental agencies and regimes over the past years and it would not have not been possible without the essence of globalisation. A scholar like Lipshutz argues that the creation of a sustainable environment could be done because human has an ability to be innovative in resolving complex issues as such (Lipschutz cited in Lechner, 2009, p. 261). On another note, Lipschutz also argues that, we cannot grow or consume our way out of the crisis (Lipschutz cited in Lechner, 2009).ÂÂ   Referring to Lipschutz argument, it suggests, the world we are currently living in is worn out and the more we are trying extract mor e resources from the ecosystem, the more damages will be done to environment. For example, increasing sea level and catastrophic natural disasters as mentioned on the earlier paragraph. Therefore, it makes more sense for us to spearhead towards a greener and sustainable economy where changes in attitudes towards consumption is required, ultimately, improving the quality of the environment, social and also economic inequalities. Globalisation: is it good or bad for the environment? What can be concluded based on the arguments above is that, globalisation has certainly brought us to an era where the stability of environment is at stake. The results from globalisation has lead us to another level of environmental deterioration global warming. For a fact, the environmental risks are not being distributed equally across the globe due to the ever-rising levels of consumption which in turn, affecting the level of GHG emissions on a global scale and as well as climate stability. Regardless of its negative consequences, the nature of interconnectedness in globalisation could also be seen a vector in bringing down the environmental issues that world is currently facing. Globalisation has open doors for green politics through the development of global environmental governance with the involvement of other bodies like Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and social movement groups which helps to elevate the awareness across the globe. As a cosmopolitan, I argue that every individual has a duty of engaging with activities that is sustainable and causing less harm to the environment. Not to completely neglect globalisation as it is inevitable, but rather, placing commitments on doing things in a most sustainable manner and citizens of the world should also associate themselves to environmental groups because the world of politics can be used as an agent of change. On this note, Derek Heater also argues that, encouraging appropriate activity can alter the horizons of what seems possible to leaders and to the mainstream public (Heater, 2002, p. 129). This process maybe slow, but I strongly argue that with a collective effort from the citizens of the world, the impossible can potentially be accomplished and further harnessed.

Case Question

Case question: using the information in this chapter, how would you tell Jim to proceed? Using the information in the chapter, I agree with Jim O'Brien. Although getting large customers is important, making money is also important. Jim has a plan to require their customers to reduce loading and unloading times. If they cannot reduce their time, Harder Transportation has no choice but to either increase detention charges or consider dropping those customers. The sales organizations think these actions are against Harden's service strategy and they think some customers may even rebel.Some of Jim O'Brien largest customers have very long pick up and drop Off times. TO be successful Jim should make sure that their peddle run is correct. A peddle run is a route driven daily out of the pick up and drop off terminal to collect freight for outbound or inbound moves. Two elements of the peddle run is its stem time and peddle time. Stem time is the time that occurs when the driver leaves the te rminal until the driver makes the first pick up or delivery. Peddle time is the time during which drivers is actually involved in the pickup and delivery of freight.The wall would tell Jim O'Brien to proceed is he could go to the two driver system. While one driver is driving the other is in the sleeper berth of the tractor. The sleeper team has been very successful. Having more than one driver may even reduce to loading and unloading times. That is a great concern for Jim, because some of his largest customers have long pickup and drop off times. The sleeper teams also could potentially reduce driver fatigue and fewer accidents. They have new driving hours so it will help. The sleeper system would also reduce driving time.Another way Jim could proceed is he could compromise with his sales organization and his customers. Jim could make sure his peddle run is correct. Jim could compromise by reducing the stem time. If you decrease the stem time, you would increase the peddle time. Th e drivers would then spend less time driving. They would spend less time picking up and dropping off. The drivers would increase the productivity. Overall Jim O'Brien should do what is best for Harder Transportation. If some customers rebel then Jim is going to need new customers.